CCNA Class 01: Basic Networking & Network Architecture

 What is Computer Networking & Server Administration (CNSA)?

Computer Networking: Computer networking refers to interconnected computing devices that can exchange data and share resources with each other. These networked devices use a system of rules, called communications protocols, to transmit information over physical or wireless technologies. Classification of Computer Networking are - 

1. Peer to Peer (P2P) Architecture 

2. Client-Server Architecture

Fig: Peer to Peer Architecture	Fig: Client-Server Architecture

The Standards that deal with computer networking are called the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer). The Network Standard is defined by IEEE 802.

IEEE Stand Link: https://www.scaler.in/ieee-standards-in-computer-networks/ 

Referral Link: https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/computer-networking/ 

CNSA Link: https://www.mtu.edu/applied-computing/what-is-cnsa/ 

Server Administration: 

Here Classify into two parts - One is Server and Another is Administration. 

1. Server is a computer or system that provides resources, data, services, or programs to other computers, known as clients, over a network. For Example - FTP Server, Mail Server, Web Server, DNS Server, DHCP Server and so on.

2. Administration is the Tasks/Roles/Instructions of Roles, Day to Day Operations of Roles of the Network and those who perform these jobs are called Administrator. 

In a Word, CNSA is roles that organize, install, and support an organization's computer systems, including local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), network segments, intranets, and other data communication systems.

What is the Network and Shortly brief the Types of Network?

A network is defined as when a group of devices interconnected to each other either Wired or Wireless technology. 

For Example, Five Computers connected to USB HUB by using the cable and communicating with each other. 

It might be Peer to Peer Network or Client-Server Network.

There are Four important Network types -

1. LAN : Local Area Network, to connect multiple network devices and computers within a limited geographical distance. IEEE802.

2. WAN : Wide Area Network, Multiple LANs are Connected through the Internet

3. MAN : Metropolitan Area Network, the network connection of an entire city or connection of a small area

4. PAN : Personal Area Network, the network connection among a few electronic Devices within a short-range area. Example, Bluetooth, Infrared 

There are more Network types - 

1. WLAN - Wireless LAN, a group of collocated computers that form a network based on radio transmissions rather than wired connections. 

2. WiMAX - Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, It’s used by Telecommunications Technology for long-distance data connectivity. Example - Mobile network.  

Discuss Among Internet, Intranet and Extranet: -

What are Network Architecture and Topologies and Types of Network Topologies?

Network Architecture refers to the structural and logical layout of the Network. It may define how your network devices will be designed and connected Physically. Peer to Peer-to-peer architecture, Client-Server Architecture, and Hybrid Architecture. 

Fig: Network Architecture Structural Layout

Network Topology refers to the way that nodes and connections are physically and logically arranged in a network. 

There are some vital Physical Network Topologies - 

1. Bus Topology, 

1. bus topology consists of two distinct and terminated ends and using a single unbreakable backbone to the entire length, every device is connected as a Common Half-Duplex Link. 

2. CSMA-CD(Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection)

3. Use a terminator for discarding the biased data from the topology.  

2. Ring Topology, 

1. All devices are connected in a circular (ring) structure. One point is used as Transmit and another point is Received.

2. Use the Token(amount of voltage)  to reduce network collision.

3. Star Topology, 

1. Full-duplex mode.

2. Every Node Connected with a HUB/Switch by an individual UTP Cable

3. CSMA-CA(Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance)

4. Mesh Topology, 

1. Dedicated Cable Connection among Network Devices.

2. Usually, deployed in a small network i.e. Server Network

3. n(n-1)/2. Here, n is the denoted number of Nodes.

5. Point to Point Topology, One to One Device Connection 

6. Point to Multipoint Topology,

7. Hybrid Topology, Multiple topology acting as single topology as combo. 

Fig: Physical Network Topologies 

Concept of the Simplex, Half-duplex and Full-duplex Mode

In the Strategy of the selection Right Network Topology in your organization you have to consider the following parameters - 

1. Cost Budget 

2. Ease of Installation

3. Ease of Maintenance 

4. Fault-Tolerance requirement

5. Redundancy